Care of the intestinal microbiota in biopolymer patients

La microbiota intestinal es un conjunto de microorganismos que cumplen su función metabólica, defensiva y reguladora en el sistema inmunológico. Obtiene y recupera la energía de los alimentos con sus debidos nutrientes, constituyendo el denominado efecto barrera, función que efectúa la permeabilidad intestinal. En su superficie, las bacterias del intestino presentan una cadena de proteínas que actúan como estimulantes del sistema inmunológico; su progreso esta relacionado con el tipo de parto, la lactancia, el uso de antibióticos, el estrés e incluso los factores ambientales. La presencia de bacterias comensales en sus propios nichos previene la invasión de microbios externos, estos huéspedes comensales regulan y permiten la correcta distribución y localización de bacterias que reconocen la producción de metabolitos. Los principales marcadores de salud para determinar la microbiota son la riqueza (cantidad de microorganismos) y su biodiversidad (cantidad de especies).

When this alteration in this bacterial community (dysbiosis) is present in the intestinal organism, there is a loss of intestinal balance, which leads to functional deficiencies such as inflammatory, dermatological, digestive, endocrinological, pediatric, psychiatric and neurological diseases.
Our intestine is composed of millions of neurons that communicate between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system, the vagus nerve is involved in the release of important neurotransmitters, this messaging exchange occurs from the digestive tract to the brain, which detects, processes and regulates the vast majority of automatic functions in the body.

Factors such as alcohol, tobacco, foods rich in saturated fats, sugars, chronic stress, sedentary lifestyle, regular use of antibiotics, some medications, intestinal dysbiosis, dysfunctional breathing and sleep disturbance are some of the causes of vagus nerve malfunction.

The intestine's own immune system is capable of dealing with some toxins or substances that may accidentally cross the intestinal wall. Chronic stress is one of the most relevant aspects in the alteration of the intestinal epithelium (permeability), with this the protective mucin is reduced and as a consequence, the intestinal transit will present an alteration that will then be transformed into dysbiosis. Scientifically it has been demonstrated the numerous associations between pathological states and alterations in the microbiota, the origin of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's is found in the intestine, specifically in the microbial ecosystem previously known as intestinal flora.

La microbiota intestinal tiene como función importante la prevención de la colonización por parte de otros microorganismos patógenos.

In conclusion, the intestinal microbiota has as important functions the prevention of colonization by other pathogenic microorganisms, providing help to digest food, the stimulation of the immune system and the contribution to the production of vitamin B and K, vitamins that are difficult for the human organism to synthesize. Diseases such as autism, anxiety, depression, alcohol dependence, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's have been associated with diseases of the central nervous system, a system intimately linked to the enteric nervous system, a cellular structure in charge of gastrointestinal functions.

Diseases that have been linked to alterations in the microbiota:

• Obesity
• Type 2 diabetes
• Inflammatory bowel diseases
• Allergies